Daphnid Life Cycle Responses to New Generation Flame Retardants
Author:
Susanne L. Waaijers, Tanja E. Bleyenberg, Arne Dits, Marian Schoorl, Jeroen Schütt, Stefan A. E. Kools, Pim de Voogt, Wim Admiraal, John R. Parsons, and Michiel H. S. Kraak
Date Published:
11/2013
Description:
Relatively hazardous brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are currently substituted with halogen-free flame
retardants (HFFRs). Consequently, information on their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) is urgently needed. Therefore, we investigated the chronic toxicity to the water flea Daphnia magna of two HFFRs, aluminum diethylphosphinate (ALPI) and 9,10-dihyro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-
oxide (DOPO). The toxicity of ALPI increased from a 48 h LC50 of 18 mg L−¹ to a 21 day LC50 value of 3.2
mg L−¹, resulting in an acute-to-chronic ratio of 5.6. This may imply a change in classification from low to moderate toxicity. ALPI also affected sublethal life cycle parameters, with an EC50 of 2.8 mg L−¹ for cumulative reproductive output and of 3.4 mg L−¹ for population growth rate, revealing a nonspecific mode of action. DOPO showed only sublethal effects with an EC50 value of 48 mg L−¹ for cumulative reproductive output and an EC50 value of 73 mg L−¹ for population growth rate. The toxicity of DOPO to D. magna was classified as low and likely occurred above environmentally relevant concentrations, but we identified
specific effects on reproduction. Given the low chronic toxicity of DOPO and the moderate toxicity of ALPI, based on this study only, DOPO seems to be more suitable than ALPI for BFR replacement in polymers.
Please help us keep our resource pages current by reporting any broken links or outdated information by using the link below: Report Broken Links, Missing Pages, or Accessibility Issues Report form
